Bern is the de-facto (in effect but not formally recognized) capital and is referred to as the federal city. de produits, des vnements mdiatiques, des vnements sportifs internationaux, des concerts, des productions TV et beaucoup d'autres. German (Swiss German): Spoken By 62.8% of The Population Notable German Speaking Cities: Bern, Zurich, Basel Zurich: The Largest City is German Speaking Bern: The Capital City is German Speaking The Tour de Romandie is an annual cycling event on the UCI World Tour, often considered to be an important race in preparation for the Tour de France. In those violent revolutions, outside Switzerland, the conservatives were always successful.[20]. WebCapital Canton ID Capital Aargau: 19: Aarau *Nidwalden: 7: Stans *Appenzell Ausserrhoden: 15: Herisau *Obwalden: 6: Sarnen *Appenzell Innerrhoden: 16: Appenzell: Schaffhausen: 14: Schaffhausen *Basel-Landschaft: 13: Liestal: Schwyz: 5: Schwyz *Basel-Stadt: 12: Basel: Solothurn: 11: Solothurn: Bern: 2: Bern: St. Gallen: 17: St. Gallen: Bern also promised to donate the land for the administrative buildings for free. Geneva was never in the running. International agencies such as the Red Cross and the World Health Organization are found on the old patrician properties north of the Rhne. I greatly appreciate this diversity. This followed decades of debate and its previous rejection of membership in 1986 by a 3-1 popular vote. The Swiss justifiably take great pride in this, and the point was encapsulated in the early 21st century by Ruth Dreifuss, who in 1999 became the countrys first woman and first Jewish president (a post that rotates annually): I may be a native speaker of French, but my parents originally came from German-speaking Switzerland and I myself worked in an Italian-speaking area for a while and enjoy travelling to all parts of the country. 90% French speakers.

WebHere's how you say it. It divides the canton of Fribourg into a western French-speaking majority and an eastern German-speaking minority and then follows the eastern boundary of Vaud with the upper Saane/Sarine valley of the Bernese Oberland. Two laws Article 32External link of the Act on the Federal Assembly and Article 58External link of the Government and Administration Organisation Act mention simply that The Federal Assembly meets in Bern and The official seat of the Federal Council, the departments and the Federal Chancellery is the City of Bern. Please use a modern web browser for a better experience. And Switzerland is indeed a major economic power, thanks to its long tradition of financial services and high-quality, specialized manufactures of items such as precision timepieces, optics, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, as well as of specialty foodstuffs such as Emmentaler cheese and milk chocolate. The city of Geneva, the capital of the canton of Geneva, is the second most populated city in Switzerland with 203,951 residents. Switzerland is a landlocked country surrounded by France in the west, Germany in the north, Italy in the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein in the east. In Switzerland it is used as an informal general form of greeting when people meet or leave each other. The Federal Palace (Bundeshaus; 18511902) houses the Swiss federal parliament, as well as the administrative and executive offices of the federal government. Biographer of Locke and Rousseau. Other aspects of Genevas active cultural life revolve around its museums (including the Natural History Museum, the Geneva Museum of Art and History, the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum, and the Ariana Museum), the Grand Thtre (the citys opera house), and the proceedings of international meetings held there. The Raetians lived in the eastern regions, while the west was occupied by the Helvetii. Such an arrangement has been contemplated in the Exchange of Letters between, Un tel arrangement a t envisag dans l'change de lettres entre la. French is the sole official language in four Swiss cantons: Geneva, Vaud, Neuchtel, and Of these, 26,000 to 27,000 were Jews. Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2018/11/how-berne-became-the-seat-of-government/. Updates? Located just west of central Switzerland and 20 kilometers north of the Bernese Alps, Bern is situated on the Swiss plateau. Join our discussions. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Suggest as a translation of "Switzerland". 581,000 francs of "Melmer" gold taken from Holocaust victims in eastern Europe was sold to Swiss banks. In 1979, parts of the canton of Bern attained independence, forming the new canton of Jura. During the first SPC meeting on 12 November, 2003, one of the main topics discussed was the significance of the IPI (International Payment Instruction. Agriculture supplies such commodities as wheat, rapeseed, dairy products, and wine. the breakthrough of one of the tubes for the new railway line through the St Gotthard massif on 15 October. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Its industries include the manufacture of printing products, chocolate, machinery, electrical equipment, and chemical and pharmaceutical products. Located in an Alpine setting at the northwestern end of Lake Zrich, this financial, cultural, and industrial centre stretches out between two forested chains of hills, about 40 miles (60 km) from the northern foothills of the Alps. Updates? Berlin, London, Madrid, Moscow, Bratislava, Reykjavik whatever their size or power, almost every European country follows the same rule: the largest city becomes the capital city. This content was published on Mar 21, 2012 The early history of the region is tied to that of Alpine culture. The government attempted to thwart the activities of any individual, party, or faction in Switzerland that acted with extremism or attempted to break the unity of the nation. As is the case in many other countries in the world, sometimes a countrys most famous city is not its capital. Pop. ": Intellectuals on the Left and the Debate of the 1960s About the Second World War], Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland, List of presidents of the Swiss Confederation, Postage stamps and postal history of Switzerland, "Switzerland's Prehistory: Stone Age, Lake Dwellings", "Prehistoric find located beneath the waves", "Iron Age Celtic Woman Wearing Fancy Clothes Buried in This 'Tree Coffin' in Switzerland", "Kelte trifft Keltin: Ergebnisse zu einem aussergewhnlichen Grabfund Stadt Zrich", "This Iron Age Celtic Woman Was Buried in a Hollowed-Out Tree Trunk", "Medieval Warfare Toward a Professional Army", "Switzerland refused to help 24,500 Jews in war", Switzerland from the Shoah Resource Foundation, "Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland Second World War ICE", 7.4 States Formerly Possessing or Pursuing Nuclear Weapons, "Appenzell Inner Rhodes: the last Swiss canton to give women the vote", History of Switzerland: Primary Documents, Cultural Property of National Significance, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Switzerland&oldid=1148487472, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The French Army suppressed the uprisings but support for revolutionary ideas steadily declined. This was because for a long time it was a confederation, an association of independent cantons grouped together in a larger entity, but without real unity. The major powers respected Switzerland's neutrality during World War I. Several bridges connect the old part of the city to the right bank, and it retains its mid-century appearance better than any other Swiss city. Bern was the scene of a disputation in 1528 between Roman Catholics and Reformers that led to its acceptance and subsequent championship of Protestant doctrines. During the Thirty Years' War, Switzerland was a relative "oasis of peace and prosperity" (Grimmelshausen) in war-torn Europe, mostly because all major powers in Europe depended on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall into the hands of one of their rivals. As a consequence of the civil war, Switzerland adopted a federal constitution in 1848, amending it extensively in 1874 and establishing federal responsibility for defense, trade, and legal matters, leaving all other matters to the cantonal governments. Fresh splashes of glacier water, happy squeals, heads bobbing up and down even a dog or two: for first-time visitors to Bern, the River Aare is a Were wondering how youre doing and what worries you. Many people are surprised when they hear that pretty little Bern is the Swiss capital. This content was published on Jun 27, 2017 la dmocratie un peu trop loin pour vous tous. (2014 est.) In the 1960s, significant controversy arose among historians regarding the nation's relations with Nazi Germany.[35]. The area of Switzerland was incorporated into the Frankish Empire in the 6th century. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Switzerland remains wealthy and orderly, but its mountain-walled valleys are far more likely to echo the music of a local rock band than a yodel or an alphorn. Geneva is thus neither disagreeably hot in summer nor cold in winter, but it must sometimes endure the harsh north wind known as the bise. Cut off politically and culturally after the Reformation from its natural geographic surroundings in Roman Catholic France and Savoy, Geneva was forced to establish an attenuated but powerful network of intellectual and economic relationships with the rest of Europe and with nations overseas. We sometimes use affiliate links in our content. And it isnt expected to be the countrys biggest city as well. Find more words! In fact, its old town has been a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983. Please join us! Even in history, kingdoms used to have a capital that was the point of political power or religious centre. Historically, most of the Romandy has been strongly Protestant, especially Calvinist; Geneva was one of the earliest and most important Calvinist centres. At the foot of the hill an area reclaimed from the lake and the Rhne forms a low-lying shopping district. In practice, however, with the presence of parliament, government and foreign embassies, Bern is well and truly the capital of Switzerland. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Check Winner, Loser, Scorecard and Awards. Even today, the country is called the Swiss Confederation. The 11 000 or so heavy goods vehicles which travel daily, a major source of nuisance that is becoming. Jun 27, 2017 However, financial problems with the defense budget prevented substantial funds from being allocated, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 was seen as a valid alternative. Territorial isolation has been a basic feature of this region, which did not establish its definitive frontiers until 1815. The Confederation's power and wealth increased significantly, with victories over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the Burgundian Wars (14741477), greatly due to the success of the Swiss mercenaries, a powerful infantry force constituted by professional soldiers originary from the cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. It was even suggested that maybe the federation seat should be rotated among different cantons at certain times so that the federal seat rotates from canton to canton periodically. The history of Switzerland since 1848 has been largely one of success and prosperity. The Valais has a separate linguistic history; here, the entire valley, as far as it was settled, would have been Gallo-Roman speaking until its upper parts were settled by Highest Alemannic speakers entering from the Bernese Oberland in the high medieval period (see Walser). Forming a majority in the Tagsatzung they decided to dissolve the Sonderbund on October 21, 1847. Switzerlands rugged topography and multicultural milieu have tended to emphasize difference. This page was last edited on 6 April 2023, at 13:20. Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and monasteries and bishoprics were important bases for maintaining the rule. Numerous scientific organizations are based in Geneva, including the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), a leader in subnuclear physics research, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). dont le succs se faisait attendre n'a pas stopp cette volution. appeal in comparison with other countries, not only because of the. Switzerlands small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. The adjective romand (feminine romande) is a regional dialectal variant of roman (modern French romain, i.e. Optical Illusion: Can you spot an evil pumpkin in the bedroom within 8 seconds? SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR. The national army was composed of soldiers from all the other cantons except Neuchtel and Appenzell Innerrhoden (which remained neutral). Switzerland relied on trade for half of its food and essentially all of its fuel, but controlled vital trans-alpine rail tunnels between Germany and Italy. Most frequent English dictionary requests: Basel is a city located in northwestern Switzerland. The alpine region became integrated into the Roman Empire and was extensively romanized in the course of the following centuries. Uri (in 1231) and Schwyz (in 1240) were accorded the Reichsfreiheit to grant the empire direct control over the mountain pass. In the High Middle Ages, the eastern part became part of the Duchy of Swabia within the Holy Roman Empire, while the western part was part of Burgundy. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. The Gallo-Roman culture was amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late Antiquity, with the eastern part of Switzerland becoming Alemannic territory. Since Bern is the seat of the Swiss Federal Parliament since 1848, the term federal city is more accurate than incorrect. Professeur Francis Waldvogel : Par rapport. Switzerland. Jul 30, 2017 As far as the law goes, it only mentions that the Parliament of Switzerland meets in Bern. The Geneva City Conservatory and Botanical Gardens is a major botanical research centre. [29] 104,000 of these were foreign troops interned according to the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers outlined in the Hague Conventions. In 1803, Napoleon's Act of Mediation partially restored the sovereignty of the cantons, and the former tributary and allied territories of Aargau, Thurgau, Grisons, St. Gallen, Vaud, and Ticino became cantons with equal rights. One of Europes most cosmopolitan cities, Geneva has served as a model for republican government and owes its preeminence to the triumph of human, rather than geographic, laitiers et frais ainsi que sur la fabrication, l'affinage et le ngoce de fromages suisses principalement. the appearance of new cases of occupational diseases, but at the same time lead to the detection of existing cases for which compensation will have to be paid. The Forest Cantons thus lost their independent status and were governed by reeves. It is even possible for some countries not to have a capital city at all. The food-processing industry is important. During World War Two, the Swiss franc was the only remaining major freely convertible currency in the world, and both the Allies and the Germans sold large amounts of gold to the Swiss National Bank. WebHistory of Switzerland. The Diet was held throughout the years in Zurich, Lucerne, Baden, Frauenfeld and even Constance, which wasnt part of the Confederation. Only districts with a French-speaking majority included. Industrial production is diversified and is, above all, designed for export. The local climate is tempered by the presence of the lake, while the Jura create a screen that diminishes rainfall. [19] Many Sonderband leaders fled to Italy, but the victors were generous. Switzerland was inhabited by the Helvetii, and it came under Roman rule in the 1st century BC. Industrialisation transformed the traditional agricultural economy, and Swiss neutrality during the World Wars and the success of the banking industry furthered the ascent of Switzerland to its status as one of the world's most stable economies. Switzerland has long been a model multiethnic, multilingual society, a place in which diverse peoples can live in social harmony and unite in common interest. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}461200N 60900E / 46.2000N 6.1500E / 46.2000; 6.1500. Use of the adjective romand (with its unetymological final -d) in reference to the Franco-Provenal dialects can be traced to the 15th century; it is recorded, as rommant, in a document written in Fribourg in 1424 and becomes current in the 17th and 18th centuries in Vaud and Fribourg; it was adopted in Geneva in the 19th century, but its usage never spread outside of what is now French-speaking Switzerland. Bern is the fifth-most populous city in Switzerland and is referred to as the federal city. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The terms Welschland and Welschschweiz are also used in written Swiss Standard German but in more formal contexts they are sometimes exchanged for franzsischsprachige Schweiz ("French-speaking Switzerland") or franzsische Schweiz ("French Switzerland"). established its independence from the House of Habsburg and the Duchy of Burgundy, and in the Italian Wars gained territory south of the Alps from the Duchy of Milan. The Sonderbund was easily defeated in less than a month; there were about 130 killed. Multilane expressways have linked Geneva with Lausanne and with the rest of the Swiss highway system since 1964 and with the French system since 1970. for three-dimensional (3D) holographic imaging of biomolecules with atomic-level resolution using low-energy elections for their light. Since the 1970s, there has been a limited amount of linguistic revivalism of Franco-Provenal dialects, which are often now called Arpitan (a 1980s neologism derived from the dialectal form of the word alpine) and their area Arpitania. Concessions reached their zenith after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland surrounded by the Axis.

Although nationally Geneva is second to Zrich in total volume of financial transactions, it has retained a position of worldwide significance. Wikipedia. It houses the countrys major leaders, offices, and courts. The Journal de Genve, long the citys leading French-language newspaper and one of the premier papers in the world, merged with Le Nouveau Quotidien to become Le Temps in 1998. The famous Clock Tower (Zeitglockenturm), with a 16th-century clock and mechanical puppets that perform four minutes before every hour, and the Cage Tower (Kfigturm) are the two remaining towers of the old walls that once protected the city. The Museum of Fine Arts (Kunstmuseum), opened in 1879, houses the worlds largest collection of works by the Swiss painter Paul Kleea total of more than 2,000 items. A landlocked country of towering mountains, deep Alpine lakes, grassy valleys dotted with neat farms and small villages, and thriving cities that blend the old and the new, Switzerland is the nexus of the diverse physical and cultural geography of western Europe, renowned for both its natural beauty and its way of life. Because the federal government lives in Bern, it is thought by many to be the capital. Switzerlands cities have emerged as international centres of industry and commerce connected to the larger world, a very different tenor from Switzerlands isolated, more inward-looking past. Switzerland has never really had a capital city that is considered to be its official capital. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Switzerland is not a member state of the EU but has been (together with Liechtenstein) surrounded by EU territory since the joining of Austria in 1995. Switzerland does not have a capital that is officially recognized. depuis qu'une des galeries de la nouvelle ligne ferroviaire travers le massif de Saint-Gothard a t perce le 15 octobre. By the late 1980s the population was approximately one-third foreign, one-third Swiss from other cantons, and only one-third native Genevese. Brain Teasers: These brain teasers are a must-try! The term can be traced to the WWI period, but it entered mainstream usage in the 1970s in the context of the Jurassic separatism virulent at the time. de nuisances de moins en moins supportable et de moins en moins tolre. All districts of the canton have a French-speaking majority except.

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Geneva city Conservatory and Botanical Gardens is a major Botanical research centre romande ) is city... Edit content received from contributors in history, kingdoms used to have a capital that the! Becoming Alemannic territory the Gallo-Roman culture was amalgamated with Germanic influence during Late,! Produits, des vnements mdiatiques, des vnements mdiatiques, des concerts, vnements. Feminine romande ) is a regional dialectal variant of Roman ( modern romain! And Dublin Convention by popular vote other countries, not only because of lake... The Franche-Comt region of France modern French romain, i.e and Duties neutral! One-Third foreign, one-third Swiss from other cantons, and wine St Gotthard Pass gained importance resolution 1857 ( ). Gold taken from Holocaust victims in eastern Europe was sold to Swiss banks stated... It came under Roman rule in the 1960s, significant controversy arose among historians regarding the nation 's with. 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Qui entrera en vigueur partir de la date de la prsente rponse the uprisings but support for revolutionary steadily. And determine whether to revise the article national Army was composed of soldiers from all the other cantons and... Swiss federal Parliament since 1848 has been largely one of the lake, while the Jura create a that. 1857 ( 2008 ), adopted on 22 December 2008. le Conseil scurit... Under the Carolingian kings, the feudal system proliferated, and wine founded in 1834 and incorporates the School! International agencies such as the federal government lives in Bern, it is even possible for some not. The course of the old fortificationsmostly to the south of the religious centre agencies such as the countrys major,... And may follow up with you via email is thought by many be! The seat of the following centuries or other sources if you have any questions pharmaceutical... In Holocaust-era bank accounts of London, 196985 Valais/Wallis, and Berne/Bern independent and. And incorporates the Theological School ( founded 1528 ) title= '' Relgio medieval Berna-Sua browser a... Forms a low-lying shopping district the new canton of Geneva, the capital Switzerland... Dont le succs se faisait attendre n ' a pas stopp cette volution,.. The case in many other countries in the World, sometimes a countrys most famous city is more accurate incorrect. Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland meets in Bern the site of the have! Population was approximately one-third foreign, one-third Swiss from other cantons except Neuchtel and Appenzell Innerrhoden ( remained. Capital that was the point of Political power or religious centre Red Cross and the Rhne forms a shopping. Machinery, electrical equipment, and Berne/Bern referred to as the countrys major leaders, offices, wine... Neutral ) Parliament since 1848, Warum Bern vor 170 Jahren Hauptstadt der wurde... 1960S, significant controversy arose among historians regarding the nation 's relations Nazi... Brought in new York over Jewish assets in Holocaust-era bank accounts far as the law,! Editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article status and governed! World Health Organization are found on the Swiss Jura participate in the course of the region is tied that. La date de la date de la signature de la signature de la prsente.! The Rhnelie suburbs dating from the lake, while the Jura create a screen diminishes! Airport in Switzerland it is thought by many to be the countrys largest airport most... Vor 170 Jahren Hauptstadt der Schweiz wurde suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Swiss! 3-1 popular vote was easily defeated in less than a month ; there were about killed. Tv et beaucoup d'autres the Hague Conventions Switzerland becoming Alemannic territory in,!
Under the Hohenstaufen rule, the alpine passes in Raetia and the St Gotthard Pass gained importance. WebIn French, "adieu" means "farewell" and is generally never used except in cases where the people concerned will not meet again. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Our journalists will take your contribution on board for their coverage and may follow up with you via email. As the countrys largest airport and most well-connected hub, Zurich Airport is also the largest and busiest airport in Switzerland. In 58 BC, the Helvetii tried to evade migratory pressure from Germanic tribes by moving into Gaul, but were defeated by Julius Caesar's armies and then sent back. The most famous or the largest cities are usually declared the capital cities of countries. The University of Bern was founded in 1834 and incorporates the Theological School (founded 1528).
Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In particular, some parts of the Swiss Jura participate in the Frainc-Comtou dialect spoken in the Franche-Comt region of France. French Translation. On the site of the old fortificationsmostly to the south of the Rhnelie suburbs dating from the 19th century. Immigration to Geneva has consisted not only of the traditional contingents from Italy, France, and the Iberian Peninsula but also of a rising number from the Americas, Asia, and Africa. By the 1990s the controversies included a class-action lawsuit brought in New York over Jewish assets in Holocaust-era bank accounts. Professor of Political Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London, 196985. In the 12th century, the dukes of Zhringen were given authority over part of the Burgundy territories which covered the western part of modern Switzerland. It should not be summed up with the orange entries. However, conservatives around Europe became frightened and prepared their forces to meet possible challenges, which indeed soon exploded the Revolutions of 1848. Council resolution 1857 (2008), adopted on 22 December 2008. le Conseil de scurit le 22 dcembre 2008. As such, Bern is called Switzerlands Federal City.

There is a possibility that the city of Bern was named after the Italian city of Verona, then known as Bern in Middle High German. From 1959, the Federal Council, elected by the parliament, is composed of members of the four major parties, the Protestant Free Democrats, the Catholic Christian Democrats, the left-wing Social Democrats, and the right-wing People's Party, essentially creating a system without a sizeable parliamentary opposition (see concordance system), reflecting the powerful position of an opposition in a direct democracy. suisse. Additionally, French and German have co-official status in three cantons: Fribourg/Freiburg, Valais/Wallis, and Berne/Bern. Most Swiss live in towns and cities, not in the idyllic rural landscapes that captivated the world through Johanna Spyris Heidi (188081), the countrys best-known literary work. D'aprs une tude ralise en 2000, Setz se classe au second rang des entreprises suisses pour lesquelles il fait bon travailler. RD Congo, qui entrera en vigueur partir de la date de la signature de la prsente rponse. It is Switzerlands centre of private banking. considres comme des importations d'un pays tiers. Prior to 1848, internal conflict was quite common, but Switzerland has enjoyed relative domestic tranquility since the mid-19th century, and its organization has remained essentially the same: it is a union of more than 3,000 communes, or municipalities, situated in 26 cantons, 6 of which are traditionally referred to as demicantons (half cantons) but function as full cantons. In the GrimmHoffmann Affair, the Allies denounced a proposal by one politician to negotiate peace on the Eastern Front; they wanted the war there to continue to tie Germany down. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Themost importantchapters in Swiss history up to 1848, Warum Bern vor 170 Jahren Hauptstadt der Schweiz wurde.

However, it is not clearly stated that Bern is the official capital of Switzerland. Mar 21, 2012 Another city thats often confused for the capital of Switzerland is Geneva. In 2005, Switzerland agreed to join the Schengen treaty and Dublin Convention by popular vote. presentations, media events, international sport events, concerts, TV productions and many others.