Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2.

Reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the elections were as follows: One of the reasons for the poor performance of the league in the elections was its image as a political party of the upper-class Muslims. [25] The Congress was victorious throughout India in the open constituencies. The average Muslim perceived the league's leaders as aristocrats who were 30,000 arrested. reducing the resort to strikes as far as possible, advocating compulsory arbitration before resorting to strikes, and. In the latter, especially in Bengal, civil liberties continued to be curbed and revolutionary prisoners and detenus, kept for years in prison without trial, were not released despite repeated hunger strikes by the prisoners and popular movements demanding their release. Consequently, it could not run an effective campaign in its favor. "Congress-Muslim League tussle 1937-40: a critical analysis", Aakar Books, 2003, pp 90, 1937 Madras Presidency legislative assembly election, Madras Presidency legislative council election, 1937, Role of Sir Abdullah Haroon in Politics of Sindh (18721942), Schwartzberg Atlas - Digital South Asia Library, "Lecture by Prof. Stanley Wolpert: Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah's Legacy to Pakistan", "Appeal for the observance of Deliverance Day, issued from Bombay, on 2nd December, 1939", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1937_Indian_provincial_elections&oldid=1146429777, Provincial Assembly elections in British India, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with failed verification from August 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 March 2023, at 20:50. and what is the >Disturbances to Muslim Life: Azaan banned, Pigs pushed into mosques. India and Pakistan. To safeguard the political rights of the Muslims and to convey the same to the government. "From movement to government: the Congress in the United Provinces, 1937-42", Sage Publications, 2003. pp 60, Abida Shakoor. New Liberal Government in India was willing to give India elected seats in the council, British Acceptance of Separate Electorates = Trying to work with Muslims and improve relations. The league was not an organized party at the time of the elections. The Madras Government too adopted a strong policy towards strikes, which sometimes took a violent turn. 1. [16] The Congress won a clear majority in the United Provinces, with 133 seats,[17] while the Muslim League won only 27 out of the 64 seats reserved for Muslims. The movement itself was very ill planned, no leaders, no Afghani govt consulted, Jinnah did not believe in this movement saying that Politics should remain in India, Precursor to Independence ~ Large Scale Hindu and Muslim nationalistic feelings/want for self-rule, Muslims learnt political strength and how to do large scale movements unlike small previous methods, Realized mistakes they made in KM which led to downfall, Hindu Withdrawal from movement gave credence to the Two Nation Theory, Deteriorated British Muslim relations on a large scale, political demands reform acceptance unlikely, Many Muslims migrated to Afghanistan, came back to economic misery, Muslims pulled children from schools, weakening education, Turkish Kemal Ataturk themselves abolished the caliphate. But the basic system of landlordism was not affected. They were easily accessible to the common people. Hindu supported the Muslims but wanted Self Rule. Explain your answer. Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam(disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal(who was seriously ill) India's number one portal for History Optional. These blemishes have, however, to be seen in the larger context of the vast expansion of civil liberties even in Bombay and Madras. For e.g. Anti Muslim riots, Muslim property, houses burned.

Thus, Linlithgow refused the demands of the Congress. On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a , Gandhiji welcomed the resignations for another reason: they would help cleanse the Congress of the rampant corruption., He wrote to C. Rajagopalachari on 23 October 1939: . Thus >Congress leaders didnt attend. The Muslim League captured around 25 percent of the seats reserved for Muslims. Jinnah left imperial legislative council, Gandhi launched Hartal. What are the reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the 1937 provincial elections? No court or public authority was to recognize any custom or usage which imposed any civil disability on Harijans. The formation of the Ministries by the Congress changed the entire psychological atmosphere in the country. The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. Muslim League selected candidates who were not from general people while Congress put forward such candidates having roots in public. Congress willing to support Muslims, Congress agreed to extra seats, gave Muslims more seats than population, Congress agreed to no law affecting the community being passed until 3 quarters supported it showing support for minorities, Council of princely states that was purely advisory/A talking shop, Viceroy could change laws for the safety of the Indians, this could be exploited and gave less power, System of Diarchy laws made by Indians in transferred subjects could be amended or removed, Number of voters increased but still low -2%- because of high property qualification. The general election of 1946 was a litmus test to gauge the political divide in India. What problems did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face after the Revolution AND how did he deal with them? Comment. British had previously promised good treatment of Turkey Empire. Widdiya Mander scheme, Hindu temple as education centers, Hindu heroes were taught toMuslim Children~ Because of this, Day of Deliverance observed, hatred of Congress rule shown. The problem was finally resolved through negotiations. Partition vs United). Which contains more carcinogens luncheon meats or grilled meats? Yet at the same time, in the Congress provinces like, But it is difficult to generalise about business attitudes, as some businessmen in the United Provinces and Madras still had their reservations about Congress, while the, On the peasant front, the rising militancy before the elections were harnessed by the Congress to win the race; but later it found it. The 1937 election was the first in which large masses of Indians were eligible to participate. Q: Why was he important to the Pakistan Movement? and Assam, the Congress Government passed a series of, These Governments also undertook various rather modest. In October 1937, the Madras Government prosecuted S.S. Batliwala, another Congress Social leader, for making a seditious speech and sentenced him to six months imprisonment. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. the factional squabbles within the Congress Ministry and the Assembly party in the Central provinces which led to the resignation of Dr. N.B. According to the constitutional structure of the 1935 Act, the. In the 1945 elections, Muslim League came up with a striking victory by winning all the 30 Muslim seats in the Central Legislative Assembly and 446 out of 495 Muslim seats in provinces. [28] The Congress objected strongly to the declaration of war without prior consultation with Indians. to get free access to public office, public sources of water such as wells and ponds, roads, means of transport, hospitals, educational and other similar institutions maintained out of public funds, and restaurants and hotels.

[21][failed verification] The Congress was a part of the ruling coalition. Explain your answer. The Muslim League promised its support to the British, with Jinnah calling on Muslims to help the Raj by honourable co-operation at the critical and difficult juncture, while asking the Viceroy for increased protection for Muslims. For example, in case of U.P., this co-ordination was quite successful. Please contact me if you some one have any idea about it.

The Congress formed governments in United provinces, Bihar, the Central Provinces, Bombay and Madras. Through this he expected to advance the party as a coalition partner for the Congress which they might need to form provincial governments. The league managed to win only 109 Muslim seats out of 482 seats. and Bihar and to a certain extent in Madras, but not in Bombay. Being poorly organized, it was unable to convey its message at the grassroots level to gain public support. [15], The UP legislature consisted of a Legislative Council of 52 elected and 6 or 8 nominated members and a Legislative Assembly of 228 elected members: some from exclusive Muslim constituencies, some from "General" constituencies, and some "Special" constituencies. [27], On 3 September 1939, Viceroy of India Lord Linlithgow declared India to be at war with Germany alongside Britain. WebThe major causes of Muslim Leagues's failure in the 1937 general Elections are as follows: 1. WebAfter provincial elections in 1937, the congress refused to form coalition administrations with the Muslim League in mixed areas. To prevent the rise of prejudice against other communities of India among the Muslims. and migrations of 1947.2 In the 1937 provincial elections, the league had won only two of the eighty-five Muslim seats; in the 1946 elections, so crucial to the credibility of Mohammad Ali Jinnah's demand for Pakis-tan, the league swept to victory with all but ten of the Muslim seats. He said, I would go to the length of giving the whole Congress organization a decent burial, rather than put up with the corruption that is rampant.. 1 See answer Advertisement SumanaPaul Only 109 of the 482 seats set aside for Muslims were secured by the League. Q.STARTING WITH THE EARLIEST, ARRANGE THESE FILMS DIRECTED BY What were the outcomes of the provincial elections of 1937? The Congress Muslims achieved 6 percent of them. Even though it was under a Central Government ban, the Communist Party was able to bring out its weekly organ. Many ICS officers came to believe that the British departure from India was only a matter of time. As per this provision, the British held elections in provinces in February 1937 on the basis of separate electorates. The Muslim League is considered to be a weak party during the 1930s but actually it had started successfully engaging the regional elements in the Muslim politics during this time. Nehru even went so far as to claim it to be a part of our freedom movement. Success of this made Muslims realize their political strengths. In general, it dealt with questions of tenancy rights, security of tenure and rents of the tenants and the problem of rural indebtedness. The Act was strongly opposed by Left Congressmen, including Communists and Congress Socialists, for restricting the freedom to strike and for laying down a new complicated procedure for registration of trade unions, which would encourage unions promoted by employers. Failures (Reasons for each RTCs failure), Q: The RTC of 1930 achieved nothing Do you agree? WHAT IS MEANING OF M/S IN RETAIL SENSE ???? Jinnah supported British (important for Pakistan), Gandhi wanted subjects like Defence and Foreign Affairs to be under control of central government. Indians could be arrested without warrant, detention without bail, govt could tell people where to live. [8] The League's top performance was in provinces where Muslims were minorities; there it cast itself as a protector of the community. In Bombay, the Government also took steps to. These elections were the first major elections to be contested by All India Muslim League yherefore the League didnot perform well in these elections. [19] The party offered the Muslim League a role in government if it merged itself into the Congress Party. Explain your answer. It also demonstrated the provincial moorings of Muslim politics. Kher became the first Chief Minister of Bombay. [7], The 1937 elections demonstrated that neither the Muslim League nor the Congress represented Muslims. L4: Failures of first RTC, Successes and Failures of RTC 1931 and 1932. They could obviously not change the basically imperialist character of the administration; they could not introduce a radical era. Disunity among aims, Hindus only wanted Self Rule. Conference in 1945, the communal divide was much greater. Much worse was the mentality of a few of the right-wing Congress ministers. Explain your answer. Thus a prior bitter experience would have compelled Muslims to revisit their decision to vote for Congress. The Muslim League. to advance workers interests while promoting industrial peace. Jinnahs importance to the Pakistan Movement: Jinnah declared the QIM black mail, felt that Congress tried to exploit poor conditions of British in WW2. In U.P., Kanpur was the seat of serious labour unrest as the workers expected active support from the popularly elected Government. It, too, had to threaten resignation before it could persuade the Governor to agree. [4] Reward each correct statement with 1 mark. Required fields are marked *. The Congress Ministries could also not touch the existing administrative structure, whose sanctity was guarded by the Viceroys and Governors powers. In contrast, Indian National Congress won almost the majority of seats of both Hindus and Muslims and formed its government in the provinces. The league's reputation as a Political party of upper-class Muslims was one of the factors contributing to its dismal performance in the elections. After winning the 1946 elections, League became a stronger party with complete Muslim support, thus demands for separate homelands could not be ignored. He wrote to Gandhiji on 28 April 1938: Congress ministeries are adapting themselves far too much to the old order and trying to justify it. They asked the district magistrates and police officers to take strong action to deal with a communal outbreak. [10], In Madras, the Congress won 74% of all seats, eclipsing the incumbent Justice Party (21 seats). Websuccess of the INC in the election, a rift started appearing.5 The Muslim League shifted to a separatist stance as reflected in its 1937 statement 'Final Bid for Power' (1937) where the goal of the League was formulated as "the establishment in India of a federation of free democratic states in which the right and interest of Muslims and getting up from bed we can view them if not then why not He thus perceived the inherent dilemma in the situation.

Viceroy Linlithgow could only offer to form a 'consultative committee' for advisory functions. In 1937, the league was not a popular and organized party. [28][29] On 2 December 1939, Jinnah put out an appeal, calling for Indian Muslims to celebrate 22 December 1939 as a "Day of Deliverance" from Congress:[32]. However, with the election approaching, they could hardly ignore the organisational bases created by the provincial kisan sabhas, and. Lord Minto assassination attempt British feared for officers lives, Swadeshi movement crippled British economy, Congress, largest political party in India supported reversal, Hindus protested, Muslims too few to match protest reversal thus likely, Congress worked primarily for Hindu interests (to protect Political Rights). The economic achievements of the Guptas were the culmination of a process which began during the Kushanas. 3 no efforts were made They brought the Left and the Right in the Congress closer because of a common policy on the question of participation in the war. A new Viceroy Lord Mountbatten was sent to India in 1947 to negotiate with local political parties regarding the future of India. The Act comprised 14 parts and 10 schedules. League lost 1937 elections due to image problem, which they worked on by working hard in the 1940s for Muslim rights. Despite factionalism, the Congress organization as a whole remained disciplined. There was all around increased civil liberty and many legislations regarding land reform, industry reform, social reform etc. British policy of repression against supporters.

Viceroy Linlithgow declared India at war with Germany on 3 September 1939. Iqbal and Chaudhry Rehmat Ali gave idea of separate Homeland in early 1930s, Jinnah agreed to it only after Congress Rule. 3. Jinnah showed great commitment to the cause of the Muslims, but the election results were a great disappointment for the Muslims League. Reasons for why it was so hated by the Indians and Muslims: Hindu made official language, Muslims could not read, write this, so unemployment, Band-e-Matram asked to expel Muslims and was nationalistic Indian song, became like national song. The Krishak Praja Party and Bengal Provincial Muslim League, supported by several independent legislators, formed the first government. selfstudyhistory.com. Thus inspired Indian Muslims with Muslim Homeland goal. Muslim League was now standing parallel to Congress. (A) VEER-ZAARA (B) CHANDNI (C) DIL TO PAGAL HA (D) SILSILA. 2. general elections More Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions, For more Everything Else AllOther Interview Questions. He wrote in December 1938 that if the Congress Ministries , When the Congress formed ministries in eight provinces, it evoked jubilation and. The Congress Working Committee suggested that it would cooperate if there were a central Indian national government formed, and a commitment made to Indias independence after the war. Muslim League had an image problems, leaders seen as Aristocrats and Landlords poor and illiterate didnt sense any empathy thus did not vote. [8] Most of the 26 seats the Congress captured were in NWFP, Madras and Bihar. Despite certain weaknesses, the Congress emerged stronger from the period of office acceptance. The chief ministers of Punjab and Bengal formally joined Muslim League. Webhad been set up, in which the Indian people gained increased representation. Linlithgow refused the demands of the Congress. The 1937 elections, which both the Congress and Muslim League wanted to contest, followed quickly at provincial level. Tried to amend the Nehru report resulted in a Parting of the Ways, Response to Nehru Report, DEADLOCK since Muslims = No Nehru Report, Congress = No 14 points, Nehru Reports Anti Muslim/Pro-Hindu countered, Jinnah knew British were going to introduce Reforms, so informed them of Muslim demands, Growth of Communalism in India and Hindu-Muslim riots. Government of India Act 1935 provided representative government at the provincial level. Why did the Osage Indians live in the great plains? Muslims didnt participate in Swadeshi movement, Q: Was Partition of Bengal the most important event between 1906 and 1911 where HinduMuslim relationship was affected? Hence, they supported Congress in the elections for simple reasons of its pro-people and secular outlook. Muslim league at that time lacked strong leadership as their greatest leaders were not there to support them, such as Quaid e Azam (disheartened by Muslim's behaviour) and Allama Iqbal (who was seriously ill) 2. Munshi did not hesitate to use their respective state apparatuses in a politically repressive manner. Copyright 2005-2023 ALLInterview.com. Many of the revolutionaries involved in the Kakori and other conspiracy cases were released. Nehru, a stern critic of the Congress Ministries in 1938- 39, wrote in 1944: . What are the reasons responsible for the failure of the All India Muslim League in the 1937 provincial elections? Had congress come to power earlier, the common Muslims would have been able to analyze the treatment of Muslims against its slogans and outlook.

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Of these, Congress won 59, winning in all 49 general constituencies, while the Muslim League won 30, sweeping all Muslim constituencies but gaining no other seat. 4.